CHRONOLOGY OF JEWISH HISTORY
| DATE | JEWISH HISTORY IN PALESTINE | JEWISH PERSONALITIES | JEWISH HISTORY IN THE WEST (Europe & The Americas) | JEWISH HISTORY IN ASIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA |
2000 BCE |
Wanderings of the Patriarchs(Hebrew Oral Traditions) c/2000-1500Hyksos Age 1720-1570)
Sojourn in Egypt Egyptian control of Canaan
Amarna Age – Tel-el-Amarna Letters (The Habiru)
Israelite invasion, conquest of Canaan c. 1250 The Judges 1235-1020
Philistine invaders c. 1100 |
Abraham c. 1700 (?)Jacob and Esau
Joseph
Moses Joshua
Samson Samuel Saul (1020-1000) |
Migration of the Hebrews from Ur in Mesopotamia
Sojourn in Egypt Oppression of Hebrews by Pharaoh (Rameses II?)
Exodus under Moses c. 1290 |
|
| 1000 BCE | Empire of David & Solomon (1000-925)Divided Monarch (925)Shishak Invasion (924)Israel falls to Assyria (721)
Judah falls to Babylonia, 1st Temple Destroyed (586) Cyrus the Great frees Judeans (536) Temple rebuilt (516) Reforms of Nehemiah & Ezra Pentateuch Canonized Greek Rule (334-323) Ptolemaic & Seleucid Rule (323-167) Maccabean Revolt (167) Rededication of Temple (165) Strife between Sadducees & Pharisees (200-100) Roman capture of Jerusalem (63) Birth of Jesus (5) Herod, tyrannical King of Judea (40-4) |
David 1000-961)Solomon (961-925)ElijahIsaiah
Josiah Jeremiah (626-582) Ezekiel (c. 600) Zerubbabel (c. 520)
Nehemiah (c. 445) Ezra (c. 398)
Judas Maccabeus (166-163)
Hillel (70 BCE-10CE?) |
Jews become merchants and farmers in Greece and Italy Jews settle as traders in Spain, France and other parts of the Roman Empire |
Arabian and African trade with SolomonHiram of Tyre becomes ally of Solomon10 Tribes of Israel lost in Assyria
Exiles from Judah in Babylonia Edict of Cyrus (536) Jewish community in Persia Jewish merchants in Turkey and Crimea Growing Jewish community in Egypt Scriptures translated into Greek at Alexandria by Jewish scholars (Septuagint) Frontiers of Cyrenaica, Cyprus & Sinai defended by Jews (270) Refugees and traders in Bombay (175) |
| 1 CE | Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea (27-37)Jewish-Roman War (66-73)Fall of Jerusalem (70)Fall of Masada (73)
Bar Kochba Revolt (132-135) Expulsion of Jews from Judea
Mishna compiled (c. 200)
Palestinian Academies; Jerusalem (Palestinian) Talmud compiled, (c. 400)
Christian-Byzantine rule (500-614) Persians rule (614) Moslem rule (638) Kabalistic writings first appear Golden age under Moslem rule (800-1000) |
Josephus (c. 37-100)Akiba ben Joseph (c. 50-132)
Simeon Bar Kochba (50-135)
Judah Ha-Nasi (c. 135-210)
Rabbi Ashi (c.325-427)
Saadia ben Joseph (Gaon) (882-894) Gershom ben Judah (960-1040) Samuel Hanagid (993-1055) |
Christian rule of Roman Empire established by Constantine; Persecution of Jews begins
Forced confessions and expulsion of Jews from Spain Migrations to Germany Moslem conquests brings Jews back to Spain Byzantine refugees in Nice Jews brought to England Jewish culture in Spain flourishes-Golden Age(900-1100) |
Babylonian Academies (Sura & Pumpedita)
Completion of Babylonian Talmud (c. 500)
Jewish traders from Turkestan and refugees from Persia settle in China (c. 600-900) Mohammed & Rise of Islam Khazaria converts to Judaism (700) Jews prosper under Umayyads & Abbasids
Karaite (Scripturalists) revolt begins (767)
Radanite traders between China & Europe |
| 1000 CE | First Crusade (1096-1099)Crusaders take Jerusalem, establish Latin Kingdom (1099)
Fall of Jerusalem to Saladin (1187)
Mamelukes revolt, seize power (1250)
Last Crusader town falls to Mamelukes (1291) |
Solomon ibn Gabirol (1021-1058)Rashi (1040-1105)Abraham ibn Ezra (1070-1138)
Abraham ibn Daud (1110-1180) Moses Maimonides (Rambam) (1135-1204)
Meir of Rothenburg (1215-1293)
Jacob ben Asher (1269-1340)
Joseph Karo (codifier) )1488-1575) |
First Crusade (1096) begins 400 years of repression, massacres, and expulsions of Jews in EuropeDecline of Jewish center in SpainEngland expels Jews (1290)
French Jews expelled (1306-1394) Jews blamed for Black Death (plague) (c.1350) Jewish community in Poland and Lithuania Germany expels Jews (1450) Spanish inquisitions & expulsions (1482-1492) Portuguese Inquisition (1496) |
Khazar community destroyed (1016)
Kaifeng synagogue in China built (1163) Union of Moslems under Saladin
Decline of Jewish Center in Persia
Sephardic Jews settle in North Africa |
| 1500 CE | Ottoman Turks annex Palestine (1517)Marranos, Kabbalists, Talmudists, etc. return to PalestineAshkenazi Jews immigrate to Palestine
Kabbalist center established at Safed
Economic decline in Palestine |
Gracia Mendes (1510-1569)Moses Isserles (codifier) (1520-1572)Maharat (1520-1609)
Menasseh ben Israel (1604-1657) Sabbatai Zevi (false Messiah) (1626-1676) Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Isaac Aboba de Fonseca (c.1640)
Jacob Israel Emden (1697-1776) |
Spanish & Portuguese Jews flee to Ital y, Greece, Turkey & North AfricaJews settle in South America to escape InquisitionMarranos settle in Amsterdam
Tolerant Dutch rule in Brazil (1640-1654) until return of Portuguese
First Jews arrive in American colonies (1654) Cromwell allows Jews in England (1657) New World Auto-da-fe |
Ottoman Empire receptive to expelled Jews from Europe
Iraqi Jews settle in Bombay (1680) Jews settle in South Africa |
| 1700 CE | Haskalah (Enlightenment) modernization begins (1750)Napoleon invades Palestine (1789)
Mohammed Ali of Egypt occupies Palestine (1831-1840) European intervention – restoration of Turkish rule
New City of Jerusalem founded (1860)
Return to Zion (First Aliyah of Jewish Immigrants) |
Baal Shem Tov, founder of Hasidism (1700-1760)Gaon of Vilna, Talmudist, leader of Mitnagdim (1720-1797)Jacob Frank (1726-1791)Moses Mendelsohn, “reformer” (1729-1786)
Meyer Rothschild (1743-1812) Moses Montefiore(1784-1885) Heinrich Heine (1797-1856) Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881) Isaac Mayer Wise, founder of American Reform Judaism (1819-1900) Baron Rothschild (1845-1934) Theodor Herzl, founder of modern Zionism (1860-1904) Mendele Mocher Seforim (1835-1917) Solomon Schechter (1850-1915) |
Rise of Hasidism in Russia & Poland (1700)Cossacks massacre Jews (1750)French Jews become citizens (1790)Pale of Settlement in Russia (1791)
Dutch Jews become full citizens (1796) Napoleonic Sanhedrin Russian persecutions (1824) Odessa pogrom (1871) Czar assassinated, more pogroms (1881) May Laws in Russia (1882-1914) Russian refugees to England & U.S. (1824-1919) Zionist movement begins with Zionist Congress in Basle (1897) |
Decline of Jewish community in China
Jewish immigration to Australia (1817)
Opening of Suez Canal (1869) |
| 1900 CE | Second AliyahBritish occupy Palestine-Balfour Declaration (1917)Arab violence (1930, 1936)
British restrictions on Jewish immigration
United Nations vote to partition Palestine (November 29, 1947) State of Israel established (May 14, 1948) Jews defeat invading Arab armies in War of Independence Terrorist activities by Arabs Sinai Campaign (1956)
Six Day War (June 5-11, 1967) Occupation of Jerusalem, Sinai, West Bank, Gaza, Golan Heights Continued Arab-Israeli border strife |
Sholom Aleichem (Yiddish author) (1859-1916)Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935)Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)Louis Brandeis (1856-1941)
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) Stephen S. Wise (1874-1949) Chaim Weizmann (1874-1952) Abraham Cahan (1860-1951) Sholem Asch (1880-1957)
David ben Gurion (1886) Marc Chagall (1887) Golda Meir (1889)
Sally Preisand (first woman ordained) (1972) |
Dreyfus affair in France (1894-1906)Black Hundreds Massacre in Russia (1905)Mendel Beilis ritual murder case (1911)World War I (1914-1918)
Balfour Declaration (1917) Russian Revolution ends Pale (1917) Rise of Hitler and Holocaust Reform Columbus Platform (1937)
Jews repressed in USSR (Doctor’s Trial) Postwar exodus of Jews to Israel
UN Attempts for Middle East peace
Jews able to leave USSR
|
Ottoman Empire collapses
Arab states achieve independence (1917)
Soviet Jewish autonomous state in Birobidjan (est. 1928)
Asian Jews in large numbers immigrate to Israel
Continuing Arab hostility to Israel; Intifadas. |
Adapted from JEWISH HERITAGE, Hammond Publishing Co.,
